We often want to express conditions such as "if this is true,
and that is true, then we do something". Such calculations with
truth values are done with the logical operators in Pike:
| Operation | Syntax | Result |
|
Logical and
|
a && b
|
If a is false, a is returned and b is not calculated. Otherwise, b
is returned.
|
|
Logical or
|
a || b
|
If a is true, a is returned and b is not calculated. Otherwise, b
is returned.
|
|
Logical not
|
! a
|
Returns 0 if a is true, 1 otherwise.
|
For example, if the temperature is below 100 degrees, and we still
have some fuel, we want to burn some more:
if(temperature < 100 && fuel > 0)
burn();
Both && and || always calculate their
first argument, but the second one is calculated only if it is
necessary to find the value of the entire expression. In a
&& b, if a is false, a and
b can never be true, so we don't bother to calculate
b. This is useful in cases like this:
if(i <sizeof(a) && a[i] != 0)
smorgle(a);
If i is too big to be a valid index in the array
a, which we check in the first part of the condition, we will
get an error if we try the operation a[i], and our program
will be interrupted.
Since the || operator returns the first argument that is
non-zero, there is a useful trick that can be used to check a number
of variables:
return a || b || "";
This will return a, except in the case when a is
0, in which case it will return b. Except in the case
when b also is 0, in which case it will return an
empty string.
